Germany's higher education institutions offer an extensive range of high-quality, post-secondary programs that students can choose from. Broad-based universities as well as specialized schools in subjects such as engineering, technology and science provide many options for students to pursue. German higher education is funded by federal and state governments and is overseen by the Ministry of Education.
Although on the rise, only about 19 percent of Germans earn university level degrees, which is a lower percentage than many other developed countries. Their universities in recent years have been crowded although recent increases in government funding and focus is helping to alleviate this problem.
Types of Schools and Degrees
There are more than 90 universities that offer a wide range of programs and award degrees up through the doctoral level. Another 190 schools or so are more specialized and offer bachelor's and/or master's degrees in subjects such as engineering, business and information technology. Schools of Applied Sciences, Technology, Arts, Business and others offer education that is primarily career focused whereas the larger, general universities provide a broader education and focus more heavily on research.
Bachelor's degrees can usually be earned in three years and master's degrees in another year or two. The length of doctoral degree programs vary depending on the program. All post-secondary education institutions must be accredited by one of seven certified accreditation agencies. As a result of the Bologna Process which created standardization of degrees across the European Union, German degrees are considered equivalent to degrees earned throughout Europe as well as many other countries.
Private universities and colleges are growing in numbers, size and reputation with over 60 now in operation. These schools tend to be more practically-focused with an international orientation and thus appeal to international employers. Private schools charge tuition whereas public schools are free to German and EU citizens as long as the program is completed in a timely manner.
International Students
Germany is a popular destination for those who want to study abroad, with about 200,000 international students attending German schools of higher education each year. International students can attend German schools assuming they meet the admissions requirements set by the school. Some subject-matters, mostly in science and medicine are restricted at the federal level while some subjects are restricted by individual schools. Admissions are competitive at some schools with aptitude exams becoming more commonly used in evaluating international students. These exams can often be taken in one's home country. Additionally, foreign students must be speak German fluently and may need to pass a language exam before being accepted. They must possess proof of completion of secondary school or higher education entrance exam that is deemed equivalent to Germany's higher education entrance exam.
A number of schools now offer degree programs taught primarily in English to meet the increasing demand of international students who want to study in Germany. The program options are more limited but provide a unique opportunity to international students who don't have the advanced German language skills that would lead to success in traditional courses.
Tuition for non-EU international students is very reasonable, costing about 500 euros a semester at public schools in 2010. There are typically some other fees, such as a semester fee of about 100 euros and living expenses to consider. Non-EU students must remember to apply for a study visa well in advance. All students should plan to arrive early as they will need to register in person before the semester starts.
The German Academic Exchange Service website provides detailed information to help international students who are interested in attending school in Germany.
About Germany
Germany is a country of 16 states with a population of over 82 million people. Berlin is the largest city with over three million people. It has the fifth largest economy in the world and is known for superior product design and quality of its manufactured products. It's climate overall is moderate, but varies between the mountainous, low-lying and coastal regions.
Germany's elementary and secondary education system is very strong resulting in a 99 percent literacy rate. Due to a long-standing focus on vocational training, 70 percent of secondary school graduates continue on with three years of vocational training which often coincides with apprenticeship training. About another 19 percent continue on to earn a university-level degree.
Germany Universities
Accadis Hochschule Bad Homburg -- University Accadis Bad Homburg - Bad Homburg
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg -- University of Freiburg - Freiburg
Bauhaus Universität Weimar -- Bauhaus-Universität Weimar - Weimar
Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität -- University of Wurzburg - Würzburg
Bergische Universität - Gesamthochschule Wuppertal -- University of Wuppertal - Wuppertal
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg -- University of Oldenburg - Oldenburg
Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel -- University of Kiel - Kiel
Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften -- German University for Administrative Sciences Speyer - Speyer
Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln -- German Sport University Cologne - Cologne
DIU Dresden International University -- Dresden International University - Dresden
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen -- University of Tübingen - Tübingen
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald -- University of Greifswald - Greifswald
Europa Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) -- Viadrina European University - Bradenburg, Frankfurt
Evangelische Fachhochschule Darmstadt -- Protestant University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt - Darmstadt
Evangelische Fachhochschule Freiburg -- Protestant University of Applied Sciences Freiburg - Freiburg
Evangelische Fachhochschule für Religionspädagogik und Gemeindediakonie Moritzburg -- University Moritzburg - Moritzburg
Evangelische Fachhochschule Hannover -- Faculty V-Diakonia, Health and Social Services - Hannover
Fachhochschule des Mittelstandes (FHM) Bielefeld -- Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences of the Middle Class - Bielefeld
Fachhochschule Erfurt -- Erfurt
Fachhochschule Esslingen -- Hochschule Esslingen - Esslingen
Fachhochschule für Angewandtes Management -- University of Applied Management (FHAM) - Bad Tolz, Erding, Günzburg, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
Fachhochschule für die Wirtschaft Hannover -- College of the Economy (FHDW-Hannover) - Celle, Hannover
Fachhochschule für Oekonomie und Management Essen -- College of Economy & Management (FOM) - Food
Fachhochschule für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin -- College of Administration and Judicature (FHVR) - Berlin
Fachhochschule Furtwangen -- Hochschule Furtwangen - Furtwangen, Tuttlingen, Villingen-Schwenningen
Fachhochschule Gießen-Friedberg -- Friedberg, Pour, Wetzlar
Fachhochschule Regensburg -- Regensburg University of Applied Sciences - Regensburg
Freie Universität Berlin -- Free University of Berlin - Berlin
Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg -- University of Erlangen Nuremberg - Erlangen, Nuremberg
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena -- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena - Jena
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen -- University of Göttingen - Göttingen
Gerhard-Mercator-Universität GH Duisburg -- University Duisburg-Essen - Duisburg, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia
HafenCity Universität Hamburg -- Port City University of Hamburg - Hamburg
Hamburger Universität für Wirtschaft und Politik -- Hamburg University of Economics and Politics - Hamburg
Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf -- Heinrich Heine University - Düsseldorf
Hochschule für Forstwirtschaft Rottenburg -- Rottenburg University of Applied Forest Sciences - Baden-Württemberg, Rottenburg am Neckar
Hochschule für Künste Bremen -- University of the Arts Bremen - Bremen
Hochschule für Musik Detmold -- University of Music Detmold - Detmold
Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin -- University of Music "Hanns Eisler" - Berlin
Hochschule Vechta -- University of Vechta - Vechta
Humboldt-Universität Berlin -- Humboldt University of Berlin - Berlin
IB-Hochschule Berlin -- University of Federal International (IB) Berlin - Berlin
International University in Germany -- International University - Bruchsal
Internationale Fachhochschule Bad Honnef - Bonn -- International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef - Bad Honnef, Bad Reichenhall
Jacobs University Bremen -- Bremen
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt -- Goethe University Frankfurt - Frankfurt am Main
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität -- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz - Mainz
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen -- University of Giessen - Giessen
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München -- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich - Munich
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg -- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg - Halle
Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg -- University of Bamberg - Bamberg
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg -- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg - Magdeburg
Philipps-Universität Marburg -- Philipps University of Marburg - Marburg
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Münster -- Theology University of Münster - Münster
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Augustin -- Theology University of Sankt Augustin - Sankt Augustin
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Vallendar -- Theology University of Vallendar - Vallendar
Private Universität Witten/Herdecke GmbH -- University of Witten/Herdecke - Witten
Rheinische Friedrich- Wilhelms- Universität Bonn -- University of Bonn - Bonn
Robert-Schumann-Hochschule Düsseldorf -- Robert Schumann University - Düsseldorf
Ruhr-Universität Bochum -- Ruhr University Bochum - Bochum
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität -- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg - Heidelberg
Schiller International University -- Heidelberg
SRH Fachhochschule Hamm - Hochschule für Logistik und Wirtschaft -- SRH Hamm University - Hamm
SRH FernHochschule Riedlingen -- SRH Riedlingen University - Riedlingen
SRH Hochschule Berlin -- SRH Berlin University - Berlin
SRH Hochschule Calw -- SRH Calw University - Calw
Steinbeis-Hochschule-Berlin -- Steinbeis University Berlin - Berlin
UniBwM - Universität der Bundeswehr -- Bundeswehr University Munich - Neubiberg
Universität Augsburg -- University of Augsburg - Augsburg
Universität Bayreuth -- University of Bayreuth - Bayreuth
Universität Bielefeld -- University of Bielefeld - Bielefeld
Universität Bremen -- University of Bremen - Bremen
Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg -- Helmut Schmidt University - Hamburg
Universität der Künste Berlin -- Berlin University of the Arts - Berlin
Universität des Saarlandes -- Saarland University - Saarbrücken
Universität Dortmund -- Dortmund University - Dortmund
Universität Erfurt -- University of Erfurt - Erfurt
Universität Flensburg -- University of Flensburg - Flensburg
Universität Gesamthochschule Kassel -- University of Kassel - Kassel
Universität Gesamthochschule Paderborn -- University of Paderborn - Paderborn
Universität Gesamthochschule Siegen -- University of Siegen - Siegen
Universität Hamburg -- University of Hamburg - Hamburg
Universität Hannover -- University of Hannover - Hannover
Universität Hildesheim -- University of Hildesheim - Hildesheim
Universität Hohenheim -- University of Hohenheim - Stuttgart
Universität Koblenz-Landau -- University of Koblenz-Landau - Koblenz, Landau
Universität Köln -- University of Cologne - Cologne
Universität Konstanz -- University of Konstanz - Kostanz
Universität Leipzig -- University of Leipzig - Leipzig
Universität Mannheim -- University of Mannheim - Mannheim
Universität Osnabrück -- University of Osnabrück - Osnabrück
Universität Passau -- University of Passau - Passau
Universität Potsdam -- University of Potsdam - Potsdam
Universität Regensburg -- University of Regensburg - Regensburg
Universität Rostock -- University of Rostock - Rostock
Universität Stuttgart -- University of Stuttgart - Stuttgart
Universität Trier -- University of Trier - Trier
Universität Ulm -- University of Ulm - Ulm
Universität zu Lübeck -- University of Lübeck - Lübeck
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität -- University of Münster - Münster
Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau -- West Saxon University of Applied Sciences of Zwickau - Zwickau
Zeppelin University, Friedrichshafen -- Zeppelin University - Friedrichshafen
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